Poaching In Communal And Resettlement Areas In Zimbabwe: A Problem Deeper Than What Meets The Eye

Abstract

This study explores poaching in Zimbabwe's communal and resettlement areas, focusing primarily on its causes, impacts and potential solutions. It uses court monitoring data to assess incidents, identify socio-economic factors, evaluate law enforcement effectiveness and propose evidence-based strategies. The research uses a holistic conceptual framework integrating environmental justice, reasoned action and routine activity approaches to develop targeted interventions and promote sustainable resource management. Between 2019 and 2021, there was a significant increase in wildlife crime cases, with elephants being the main target. The conviction rate was 94.29%, indicating effective law enforcement. However, challenges such as gender disparities, foreign national involvement and limited legal representation persist. Offences related to ivory possession increased. Unlawful animal removal remains a concern. High numbers of wildlife crime are concentrated in the provinces of Masvingo, Mashonaland West and Matabeleland North. Poaching in Zimbabwe is a significant issue due to poverty, human-wildlife conflict and subsistence needs. It is also a result of lack of awareness and lenient legal frameworks. To address this, sustainable development, alternative livelihoods and education, are crucial. Urgent action is needed to strengthen law enforcement, enhance community engagement, raise awareness, combat transnational networks, improve wildlife protection laws and promote sustainable livelihoods. Engaging local communities is also essential for fostering conservation culture.