Oikos: The Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University bulletin of Ecology, Science Technology, Agriculture, Food Systems Review and Advancement
Oikos: The Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University Journal of Engineering, Health and Veterinary Science is a double blind-peer reviewed, quarterly journal, dedicated to serve the society with high quality research work appropriate for problem solving. The objective of this journal is to promote innovative research in various disciplines of Science, Health Sciences, Veterinary Sciences, Agriculture, Food Systems, Ecology, Engineering and Technology as well as providing latest trends in development in Science and Engineering. We would like to invite authors to contribute a research paper that uphold innovation for problem solving as a re-address to the current societal challenges.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices among Pupils in Basic Schools in the Mfantseman Municipality, Ghana
Access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is critical for health and academic performance. Yet, many schools in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana, face significant challenges in providing adequate WASH facilities, leading to profound implications for students' health and academic performance. This study evaluates WASH practices among pupils in basic schools in the Mfantseman Municipality, Ghana, using a mixed-method approach involving 368 pupils from 16 schools. Findings reveal that while most schools have access to water and sanitation facilities, many are partially functional or non-operational, particularly in rural areas. Although handwashing facilities are widely available, only 30.2% of pupils consistently wash their hands with soap before meals, despite higher rates (63.3%) after toilet use. The study highlights the lack of separate facilities for menstrual hygiene management, disproportionately affecting female students. These findings underscore the need for improved WASH infrastructure and behaviour change interventions. This study contributes to the literature on WASH in schools. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that the Ghana Education Service, Teachers and Parents should ensure infrastructure improvement while implementing behaviour change interventions in the basic schools.
School health education basic schools Ghana/ Sub-Saharan Africa academic performance Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) Behaviour Change Interventions WASH Infrastructure
Copyright (c) 2025 Oikos: The Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University bulletin of Ecology, Science Technology, Agriculture, Food Systems Review and Advancement
Unpacking the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence chatbots by students in tertiary institutions in Mashonaland Central, Zimbabwe
This research article unpacks the perceptions of the academic community on the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (chatting robots) by tertiary students in Zimbabwean universities. The article seeks to understand the usage of AI chatbots in education, their opportunities, challenges, concerns and prospects of using AI chatbots in educational settings. The research findings revolve around the perceptions and scepticism of the adoption of AI chatbots in education, as seen from students, lecturers and librarians developing higherorder cognitive skills. The main objectives were to identify the main AI chatbots commonly used by tertiary students, to explore the opportunities of adopting of AI chatbots to students and to expose the pitfalls associated with the usage of AI by tertiary students. Participants were drawn from tertiary students, lecturers and university library staff members. The study employed qualitative methodologies, including in-depth interviews, observational checklist and focus groups. The findings suggest that AI chatbot is both a curse and a blessing to tertiary students. The study reveals that AI chatbots enhance learning experience, enable them to overcome skill gaps, bring insights on assignment writing and aid in exam preparation. The study reveals that AI chatbots foster the development of higher-order cognitive skills by augmenting traditional lectures, test preparation and personalisation. However, pitfalls include plagiarism, outdated information, shallow information, indolent and slothful laziness in students, as well as financial constraints associated with AI chatbots. The study recommends that universities must invest in workshops to train staff and students on the responsible ways of adopting and using AI to reduce the increase of luddites. Universities are recommended to develop referencing systems allowing students to acknowledge using AI chatbots as sources. Tertiary students are also recommended to fuse AI with human capacity, desisting from the culture of relying solely on AI chatbots.
The Impact of Natural Language Processing in Enhancing Customer Experience in the Banking Industry of Zimbabwe
This study investigates the impact of Natural Language Processing (NLP) on enhancing customer experience within the Zimbabwean banking industry. Employing a mixed-methods approach with a survey of 385 customers and interviews with bank officials, the research assesses the adoption, effectiveness and challenges of NLP technologies like chatbots and virtual assistants. Quantitative results indicate that NLP users reported significantly higher customer satisfaction scores and a 30% improvement in response times, compared to non-users, demonstrating NLP's efficacy in streamlining service delivery. However, first-contact resolution rates remained similar between groups, suggesting complex issues still require human intervention. Qualitative findings reveal significant implementation barriers, including high costs, a shortage of skilled personnel and integration challenges with legacy systems. Despite these hurdles, the study concludes that NLP holds substantial potential for improving operational efficiency and customer engagement in Zimbabwe. It recommends strategic investments in localized NLP solutions, capacity building and supportive policy frameworks to overcome existing challenges and fully leverage NLP for financial inclusion and competitive advantage in an evolving digital landscape.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of Work in a Non-profit Organisation in Zimbabwe
This study explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Childline staff, with objectives to examine staff perceptions and experiences with AI, investigate the benefits and challenges of AI integration and identify implications for staff well-being and job functions. The study employs a mixed research approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods, including key informant interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions. The findings reveal a mixed reception to AI among staff, with benefits including improved knowledge, increased efficiency and reduced emotional distress, but also challenges such as inadequate training, ethical concerns and potential mental health impacts. The study recommends a formalised approach to AI policy development and implementation, prioritising ethical considerations, staff training and support.
Risk Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Hypertension in Low-and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in modern society. Despite the issue having existed for years, no long-term interventions have been proven to completely curb it. This scoping review aims at examining the risk factors that influence the high prevalence of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A systematic approach to literature collection is employed through a broad search strategy. The search utilised the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, DoPHER and TRoPHI. These databases were chosen because they provide the largest health science article collections, especially in public health, medicine and intervention research in LMICs. The initial search yielded 1 267 articles. However, through rigorous analysis and application of the exclusion criteria, only 30 articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria and thus used for the research analysis. The data analysis used the Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework. The results indicate that most people in LMICs have limited resources to enable quality and affordable access to health facilities. The government and relevant health departments have not invested significantly in ensuring the availability of health facilities and amenities. Another factor identified are lifestyle factors, as people in these countries have a high intake of unhealthy processed and fast foods. Most of the population is always trying to gain enough income to meet their basic needs and thus lack enough time to engage in physical exercise. However, the prevalence is also affected by regional levels, rationalising the need for specific interventions to address the prevailing issues. The research concludes with a recommendation for developing significant interventions and more regionally specific research, as root causes differ from country to country. There is also need to have more specific research that seeks to identify the relationship between cultural practices and hypertension prevalence.
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lifestyle factors health access interventions
Leveraging social media to Enrich Biology Education: Insights from a Peri-urban Case Study
The integration of social media in biology education has advanced significantly, particularly in peri-urban settings. The study uses a mixed methods approach to assess the impact of social media on student participation, content, communication, assessment techniques, knowledge retention, inquiry-based and collaborative learning. The findings show that social media facilitated inclusive, interactive and collaborative learning experiences, accommodating students from diverse backgrounds. Technology-based platforms like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook, encourage peer-to-peer learning and foster a community of inquiry. Teachers report enhanced communication with students and parents, leading to increased support and appreciation for biology education. The research underscores the potential of social media as a transformative educational resource.
Leveraging Digital Proficiency to Transform Service Delivery in Private Sector Hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe
The article examines the impact of digital proficiency on service delivery in private sector hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe. It investigates how healthcare professionals’ competence in using digital tools and technologies influences the effectiveness and transformation of healthcare services. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with 32 participants, including healthcare professionals, administrative staff and patients. The study identified key competencies in digital literacy, such as the use of electronic health records (EHRs), digital appointment systems and telemedicine platforms and assessed their influence on operational effectiveness. Metrics used to evaluate service outcomes included reduced patient wait times; lower administrative error rates and higher patient satisfaction scores. Results reveal that higher levels of digital proficiency among hospital staff are associated with streamlined administrative processes, improved accuracy in patient data handling and enhanced communication with patients. Patients in digitally proficient hospitals reported greater satisfaction, citing efficient appointment scheduling and easier access to medical information as primary benefits. However, the study also uncovers several gaps. Limited training opportunities are noted, particularly in the use of advanced hospital management systems, data security protocols and telehealth platforms. Furthermore, resistance to technology adoption emerged as a significant barrier, with contributing factors including lack of understanding, fear of job displacement and generational differences in technology use. The study concludes with recommendations for targeted and continuous professional development programmes focused on bridging identified skill gaps. It also suggests implementing change management strategies to address resistance, including peer mentoring, inclusive training sessions and clear communication of the benefits of digital tools in enhancing care deliver.
Patient satisfaction technology adoption
Leveraging Digital Platforms to Promote Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in Zimbabwe
Agriculture is one of the chief anchors of the Zimbabwe’s economy with a contribution of more than 9% to the GDP. The agricultural sector has faced unprecedent challenges which impacted the smallholder farmers’ ability to maximise their yields and, hence, revenues. Various challenges are impacting smallholder farmers' ability to effectively maximise their productivity on their land. The issues include limited access to markets, limited advisory services from agriculture extension officers, limited capital as well as logistics and procurement limitations. The digital agriculture platforms have emerged as the solution to tackle bottlenecks in agriculture extension services, access to markets, weather services, finance, procurement services and logistics. Welthungerhilfe (WHH) has been developing digital apps for smallholder farmers such as Kurima Mari and Agri-Share. These apps have been adopted with the objective of propelling the achievement of the zero hunger United Nations Sustainable Goals (SDG) through increased productivity, which culminates in higher yields and revenues. This study’s aim is to establish the extent to which WHH digital platforms are able to promote food security and sustainable agriculture through enhanced productivity and improved livelihoods amongst smallholder farmers. A qualitative approach to data collection through the use focus groups and structured questionnaires is employed. The findings reveal the capability of the digital agricultural platforms to solve key challenges faced by smallholder farmers. The study also establishes the relationship between the use of digital platforms and an increase in agriculture productivity, resulting in improved livelihoods of farmers. The study identifies the challenges faced by the farmers in utilising digital agric platforms. It also shows opportunities that can be exploited by the farmers through technology in driving sustainable agriculture.
Exploring the Role of AI in Enhancing Customer Experience in Zimbabwean E-Commerce Platforms
This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing customer experience in Zimbabwean e-commerce platforms, with a focus on the banking industry. The research objectives are to examine the current state of AI adoption, assess the effectiveness of AI-driven customer experience solutions and identify challenges and opportunities for improvement. Grounded in the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this quantitative study employs a descriptive research design. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 250 customers of Zimbabwean banks' e-commerce platforms. A survey questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, which was analysed using statistical methods. The findings suggest that AI adoption has a positive impact on organisational performance and customer satisfaction and that AI-driven customer experience solutions are effective in improving customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, the adoption of AI-driven customer experience solutions is hindered by significant challenges, including data quality and regulatory issues. The study recommends that banks in Zimbabwe prioritise data quality, invest in AI-powered services and provide training and support to employees to ensure the successful adoption of AI-driven customer experience solutions. This study contributes to the understanding of AI adoption in the Zimbabwean banking industry and provides insights for banks to enhance customer experience and improve operational efficiency.
Enhancing Programming Proficiency, Evaluating the Impact of AI-powered Code Assistant Tools on Learning Outcomes
There always exists a naiver, tinier approach to writing good code and, likewise, a longer and more comprehensive way. Imagine a tool that takes advantage of deep machine learning algorithms to fish the most appropriate code and put it in a drop-down menu only for a programmer to select. In recent years, the use of AI-powered programming tools has grown in leaps and bounds and gained much attention. Whereas AI has been around for roughly 30 years, it is still uncertain for educators on how to make instructive advantage of it on a larger scale and how it can essentially have a profound effect on teaching and learning in tertiary education. This article investigates the effectiveness of AI-powered code assistant tools in learning programming. For the research, two leading coding platforms were picked (eclipse and VS code) and a selected AI-powered code assistant tool (Tabnine) was installed. After training the research participants, an experiment was carried out, whereby all 40 participants were given two tests, one on AI-assistant enabled coding platform and the other on non-AI-assistant enabled coding platform. Results indicate that AI-coding tools significantly increase students’ coding efficiency and general motivation to code. Results also show that AI code assistant tools do not affect participant’s code comprehension. From the results found it is recommended that AI code assistant tools must be incorporated to aid students in developing a positive attitude towards programming and also to improve their coding efficiency.
Enhancing Early Childhood Learning through Information and Communication Technologies: The Zimbabwean Public-School Experience
The advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been embraced in different organisations, education included. The response to the ICT policy in the Zimbabwe education system depends chiefly on the economic standing of the parents to the learners enrolled at a specific school. Thus, although adoption of ICTs in education, particularly in Early Childhood Development (ECD) programmes, has been oversubscribed, it draws deep into the pockets of parents to meet the requirements. Drawing from the Technology, Organisation and Environment model, the study explores the benefits of ICTs in ECD programmes in Zimbabwean public schools. A qualitative study is employed in which data are generated through observation, document analysis and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study adopted purposive sampling to conduct FGDs with Bachelor of Education degree students at one particular university in Zimbabwe as key informants. These were also practising ECD teachers at different primary schools in the Harare Metropolitan Province. Findings show that a number of ECD teachers had basic ICT skills but could not use them effectively in the teaching-learning activities due to lack of resources. Findings also reveal that these ICT resources were a result of initiatives from parents and well-wishers. The study therefore recommends the expansion of ICT resource mobilisation and staff development programmes in order to equip ECD educators.
Organisation and Environment (TOE) model Public Schools
Designing a Culturally Responsive E-Learning User Interface for Zimbabwean Primary Schools: A Semiotic and Action Research Approach
This study addresses the challenges of poor User Interface/User Experience (UI/UX) design in e-learning platforms for primary school learners in Zimbabwe, which often lack intuitive usability and cultural relevance. To tackle this issue, the research adopts a culturally responsive design approach, guided by Peirce’s Semiotic Theory (sign, object, interpretant ) and the Action Research Methodology. By integrating culturally meaningful symbols, metaphors and signs, the proposed platform, Educulture, aims to enhance user engagement and minimise cognitive load. Through iterative testing with teachers and learners, key interface elements like typography, colour schemes and gamification features are refined. The findings highlight that combining semiotic principles with participatory design significantly improves the accessibility and effectiveness of e-learning in multicultural settings. This study provides practical recommendations for creating inclusive and culturally sensitive educational technologies.
Primary School Learners Peirce’s Semiotic Theory
Adapting Learning Management Systems to Zimbabwean Cultural Contexts: Enhancing User Engagement through Localised Design
The adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in Zimbabwe faces significant challenges due to infrastructural limitations, socioeconomic disparities and cultural mismatches. While e-learning holds transformative potential, its effectiveness is hindered by poor internet connectivity, high data costs and Western-centric LMS designs that conflict with Zimbabwe’s collectivist learning culture rooted in the ubuntu philosophy. This study explores how LMS platforms can be culturally adapted to enhance user engagement, accessibility and educational outcomes for Zimbabwean learners. Through a qualitative multi-methods approach, combining document analysis of Scopus-indexed literature and qualitative interviews with university educators, the research identifies key barriers, including infrastructural deficits, linguistic exclusion and institutional policy gaps. Findings highlight the need for localised LMS designs incorporating indigenous languages (Shona, Ndebele, etc.), low-bandwidth optimisation and collaborative learning features aligned with Zimbabwean pedagogical traditions. The study also underscores the importance of user-centred design (UCD) and policy interventions to bridge the digital divide. Recommendations include subsidised internet access, faculty training in digital literacy and culturally responsive LMS interfaces. By integrating these strategies, Zimbabwe can foster inclusive, equitable and effective e-learning ecosystems that align with local cultural and infrastructural realities.
Culturally Adaptive LMS Learning Management Systems
Cultural Adaptation / Culturally Adapted LMS Infrastructural Limitations Ubuntu Philosophy / Collectivist Learning Low-Bandwidth Optimisation Digital Divide
A Framework for Reducing Gender-based Violence among Female Tertiary Students through Social Media
This study addresses the critical issue of gender-based violence (GBV) among female students at the Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University, Zimbabwe (ZEGU), focusing on the influence of social media. The absence of a comprehensive framework to mitigate GBV in university settings has left many female students vulnerable to online harassment and abuse. This research aims to develop a structured framework that utilises social media as a tool for awareness, support and prevention of GBV. A mixed-methods approach is be employed, combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The sample consists of 200 female students selected through stratified random sampling to ensure diversity in representation. Data collection for the study involves surveys, focus group discussions and interviews to capture a wide range of experiences and perceptions related to GBV and social media usage. The findings inform the creation of a tailored intervention framework, fostering safer online environments and empowering female students. This frame work aims not only to reduce incidents of GBV, but also to promote a culture of respect and safety within the university community.
, Intervention Framework Online Harassment
Unpacking climate-related Indigenous Knowledge integrated in the Advanced Level Geography curriculum
This article critically investigates the specific types of indigenous knowledge (IK) that teachers in selected schools in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe, integrate into climate change education (CCE) to teach Advanced Level Geography. The study adopted a qualitative approach embedded in a case study design. Convenient and purposeful sampling was used to select the two schools investigated, and the study participants consisted of one Geography district inspector and four Advanced Level geography teachers. The study reveal that the current curriculum superficially addresses the integration of IK with no specific IK linked to specific Geography areas. The article reveal the following major types of indigenous knowledge that were found to be integrated in climate change education in the two selected school: Observation of vegetation characteristics (type, shape, spacing, shedding on and off of leaves), Beliefs about celestial bodies (e.g. the sun, the moon and the stars) Beliefs about animals, birds and insects‘behaviour and nature conservation practices. It was also reveal that teachers depend mainly on what they read in literature and what learners know about from their own home backgrounds. It was also reveal that there is lack of effective use of local area IK resource persons to assist teachers and learners within schools. This article recommends practical familiarisation of learners with local area IK in addition to what they read in literature. Furthermore, the education ministry must facilitate the provision of resource persons to help teachers with knowledge and additional literature on IK integration into the geography curriculum. This would help with more types of indigenous knowledge being integrated into climate change education in schools, and thus promote the heritage-based Education 5.0.
Traditional Water Harvesting a Panacea to Climate Change: A Case Study of Chiweshe Farmers in Mazowe District in Zimbabwe
This study seeks to critically investigate the benefits communities derive from using traditional water harvesting practices. The Chiweshe community in Mazowe District in Zimbabwe is facing survival complications and dilemmas emanating from the changing climate. The climate change-induced challenges vary from persisting droughts, low rainfall patterns and water insecurity, cumulatively leading to food insecurity. Notwithstanding these challenges, the Chiweshe community has profited much through traditional water harvesting. To explore these benefits, this research used a mixed method approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations and questionnaires. A sample of 28 participants was selected in Chiweshe community using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods. The research discovered that from the use of sand dams, water harvesting pits, stone bunds and check dams, the community got income, improved harvests, availability of water, biodiversity, improved livelihoods among others. It was recommended that the Chiweshe community should enhance moretraditional water harvesting strategies like the johad, khettara, stone tanks and zai pits used in other communities as to have comprehensive benefits.
The Doping-Sport-Cultural Matrix: A Noxious Trending Issue among Zimbabwean In-school and out-of-school Youth Athletes
Doping and Drug use, especially within the sporting fraternity, have increasingly become noxious large-scale trending issues with healthcare costs on personal and societal settings. This study explored the doping-sport-cultural matrix among in-school and out-of-school adolescent athletes. It critically probes into how doping threatens the integrity of athletic competition and the decay of moral fabric in Zimbabwean schools and society. The study was a descriptive cohort underpinned by a quantitative research approach. It was hinged on the Social Control and Problem-Prone Behaviour and General Deviancy Models. A population of 120 participants was drawn from Primary and Secondary schools, University, Victim Friendly Unit, School Psychological experts, Pharmacists and Ministry of Health and Child Welfare. Random sampling was used to select the study participants. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools for the study. Collected data were presented on tables using descriptive statistics. Findings reveal increased prevalence doping trends in sport, ethical fabric rot culminating into increased crime rates, family disintegrations, scandalous sportsmanship, and psycho-active disorders in young adults. The study recommends that government and line Ministries enforce stringent legislative measures redressing the social-ills, sporting and cultural fabrics through multi-sector and community-driven interventions. Awareness flagship programmes conscientising adolescents on doping and substance abuse health impacts need regularisation at different fora. Accessible counselling points at micro and macro-settings are essential in providing new pigments to authentic citizenry responsiveness programmes with clear reporting frameworks. Drug testing platforms are necessary to curb substance abuse in sport.
Surface Water Quality Changes Induced by Underground Mining in Gwanda District of Matebeleland South Zimbabwe
The study, from which this article sprang from, sought to assess the impacts of underground mining activities on surface water quality in Mtshabezi River in Gwanda District of Matebeleland South of Zimbabwe. The research adopts a mixed method approach that utilised both qualitative and quantitative approaches for in depth fact finding. The qualitative approach used depends on open ended questions, structured interviews, direct field observations while quantitative approach utilised depended on closed-ended questions, laboratory testing of water samples and use of statistical tools such as SPSS version 22.0 for data analysis. A survey of 82 respondents and interviews was conducted in the mining communities who depend on water from Mtshabezi River, in Gwanda to identify the main pollutants affecting water quality in Mtshabezi River. Water samples were collected to test for physiochemical parameters (temperature, pH, cyanide and concentration of Zn, Ni, Fe and Cu). Results from the tests conducted show that nitrates ranged from 3.5 and 8.4 that is within the range of WHO guideline of 10mg/l. From the data that was collected only 20% was within the WHO standards, High level of iron in Site 2 and 3 was as a result of direct deposition from the mine. The level of zinc concentration in Mtshabezi River was ranging from 0.4 to 3.8mg/l of zinc concentration that is above the limits of WHO guideline. The study recommends regular monitoring of surface water sources undertaken by EMA and sub-catchment councils to ensure the quality of water is not compromised.
Socio-economic Implications and Challenges of AI implementation in Zimbabwe
In today‘s environment characterised by the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI), debate abounds concerning the socio-economic implications of its adoption and implementation. This research paper critically explores the role and place of AI technology pin the socioeconomic development of any developing country, with particular reference to Zimbabwe. Utilising a mixed research methodology, this study aims to comprehensively examine the societal implications of AI adoption in Zimbabwe. Despite the immense potential impacts of AI adoption to the socio-economic development of Zimbabwe, findings of this study indicate that AI implementation in Zimbabwe is still at formative stage. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the socio-economic implications and challenges of technological innovations and AI, specifically tailored to the Zimbabwean context. The findings inform policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in shaping policies, strategies, and interventions which are aimed at maximising the benefits of technological advancements while mitigating any of the associated potential challenges. This research also ascertains the implications of AI on societal ethics.
Infusing Artificial Intelligence in Higher Learning Institutions by Re imagining Education for the Future
The landscape of higher education is undergoing a paradigm shift with the infusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This article critically explores the potential of AI to reshape the learning experience within universities and colleges. We examine how AI can personalise learning journeys, enhance student support, and empower educators to deliver a more effective and engaging educational experience (Bates, 2019). The key considerations of this study are: personalised learning paths, intelligent tutoring and assistance, enhanced assessment and feedback, data-driven decision-making, and empowering educators. The challenges with the infusion are noted to be ethical considerations, faculty development and training, and inclusive learning design. The study employs a mixed methodology approach, the researchers collect and analyse both quantitative and qualitative data within the same study. A target population of 25 lecturers were interviewed to find out how AI is, and continues to reshape teaching and learning in higher institutions. About 50 learners also take part in the study by completing online surveys that ascertain how AI is aiding in their learning. The use of a mixed method approach helps to reach more participants and validate the data. It helps the researchers to gain a broader understanding of the investigation and triangulate the data. The infusion of AI in higher learning institutions presents a unique opportunity to personalise learning, enhance student support, and empower educators. By addressing ethical concerns, fostering faculty development, and prioritizing inclusive design, AI can become a powerful tool for reshaping higher education into a more effective, engaging, and equitable learning environment for the future.
Dynamics of Digital Pedagogies in Geography Education at Institutions of Higher Learning in Zimbabwe
This study aims to critically explore the matrixes of digital pedagogies in geography education at institutions of higher learning. Explicitly, this article examines how digital pedagogies are implemented in the geography education. Across the globe, modern learning processes have been metamorphosed by digital technologies facilitating tailored educational paths that cater for individual student needs and learning styles. Both educators and students ought to increase their skills to navigate through the dynamic educational and pedagogical environments. This is a paradigm swing from traditional, classroom confined learning methodologies. While there are several benefits of digital pedagogies, there are numerous challenges that comes with its implementation for instance; the need for continuous professional development for educators, need for critical engagement with digital content and calls for the reworking of old pedagogical backgrounds. To explore these dynamics in digital pedagogies in geography, the Rogan and Grayson 2003 curriculum implementation theory acts as the basis that grounds this study. A mixed method approach was used in this study as it caters for both quantitative and qualitative data. Data are collected from the geography educators through the use of questionnaires, observations and document analysis. Statistical analysis of data together with thick description is utilised in data analysis.
ChatGPT Experiences in Universities in Zimbabwe
ChatGPT is in popular use among academics from across regions even though little is known about its effectiveness as a teaching and learning method. This study, underpinned by a mixed methods research design, critically evaluates ChatGPT‘s effectiveness through the experiences of Zimbabwean university lecturers and students who are currently using ChatGPT for teaching and learning. The study employed a multi-site case study research design, utilising face-to-face interviews and document analysis as data collection methods. Purposive sampling was used to select three students and three lectures from each of the three identified universities that are identified by pseudonyms. The data were analysed thematically. The findings show that both students and lecturers use free ChatGPT facility only when doing their academic work. Hence were not privy to other packages that required monetary subscriptions thus its effectiveness could not be conclusively determined basing on the experiences from the free facility only. It also appeared that the participants lacked technical skills in the proper utilisation of technology culminating into overreliance on ChatGPT. The library was sparingly used leading to potential for misinformation and increased lack of personalised feedback. Investment in technology by universities is required. The students and lectures need to be guided by policy and training on the proper use of ChatGPT technology.
Artificial Neural Network Model Building in Predicting Maternal Mortality at Chitungwiza Central Hospital, ZimbabweArtificial Neural Network Model Building in Predicting Maternal Mortality at Chitungwiza Central Hospital, Zimbabwe
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have identified the reduction of maternal mortality as a key priority at global level. The target is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to 70 deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030 and to ensure that no co untry with maternal mortality of more than as twice as the global average (Alemayehu, 2019). Pursuant to this target, every country is required to calculate and achieve its national target by 2030. In 2017, the World Health Organization(WHO) reported that about 810 women died every day due to preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. This number remained consistent throughout the year. Between 2017 and 2 000 the maternal mortality ratio (MMR number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) dropped by about 38% worldwide; of which, 94% of all maternal deaths occur in low and lower middle income countries. This provides an insight of variations in maternal mortality exist in high income European countries (Azhar, 2018
Environmental Impacts of Unutilised Fly Ash and its Potential Utilisation for Soil Productivity and Food Security
The combustion of coal during thermal electricity generation produces huge volumes of fly ash solid waste. The disposal and storage of dry fly ash in the environment have resulted in high nutrient concentration levels becoming toxic to humans, air, soil and water environments. Soil nutrient deficiency is limiting sustainable food productivity with soil nutrient deficiencies and limited access to fertilizers or biological options aggravating the predicament of hunger. This study focused on assessing the environmental impacts of fly ash and its potential utilisation in crop production. The study was conducted at Harare Power Station (170 50‘ S and 310 1‘ E) and Harare Experimental Station (170 49‘S and 31o2 ‘ E). Mixed research methods were used. To unearth the environmental impacts of fly ash qualitative research approach guided by the interpretivism paradigm was applied. Purposive sampling of six key informants was implemented and data was gathered using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. To evaluate the potential utilisation of fly ash for sustainable crop production, laboratory analysis of the physical and nutrient composition of fly ash was undertaken. To evaluate the effects of fly ash on tomato, cucumber and rape crops, a field experiment was set up. A Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments, replicated three times, was implemented on each of the crops. The analysis of variance was used for analysing the results. Results showed that dumped and stored fly ash caused air pollution, groundwater contamination, human health effects and soil pollution. Fly ash can potentially be used in crop production to control soil-borne pests and diseases and improve the physical and nutrient characteristics of soil for improved crop yields. The application of fly ash had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth and yield of tomatoes, cucumbers and rape. The highest yields were realised at 25% fly ash soil concentration, while 100% fly ash was toxic. >
Copyright (c) 2024 Oikos: The Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University bulletin of Ecology, Science Technology, Agriculture, Food Systems Review and Advancement
A Spatial Statistical Approach Towards Independence of Informal Manufacturers’ Psychographics from Town Planning Principles in Harare
This study tested for statistical significance of the association between informal manufacturers‘ psychographics and town planning principles. Health, safety and order amenity constructs were extracted from existing town planning principles and three vignettes encapsulated in psychographics (knowledge, perception and attitude) were captured in the digital questionnaire for each construct. With these constructs and vignettes, the collected data were analysed using the R language in Spatstat and tested for the independence of association using a chi-square test at a 0.05 level of significance. Study findings revealed that all three psychological vignettes studied have a very weak relationship with town planning principles. All studied relationships gave an value of at most 1.17%, implying that less than 2% of manufacturers‘ psychographics are explained by variations in their understanding of town planning principles. Therefore, planning education must be scaled up so that manufacturers gain a full understanding of the importance of town planning goals.
COVID-19 and the Work-Life Balance in Zimbabwe Private Sector Companies
The Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in the creation of a new and complex business environment. Labour markets were interrupted and this ignited an enormous and instant series of trials and testing with flexible work arrangements and new relationships. Research to date has emphasized work-life balance (WLB) in the work and family domains only, whilst overlooking the effects of a pandemic as posed by COVID-19. Henceforth existing knowledge on remote working can be questioned in an extraordinary context. The study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the WLB in the post-pandemic period and beyond. It also aimed at exploring the projected abnormalities that are driving a foreseeable future policy revolution in the world of work and employment. The study utilised the qualitative research approach. A survey research design was used to select research participants. Snowballing purposive sampling was also used to get further referrals. The research study included 100 white-collar private-sector employees who completed an online questionnaire. Data were presented and discussed qualitatively. The study revealed that although hybrid and flexible work arrangements would be more central in the post-pandemic for nonmanual work, it will not be an ―one-sizefits-all solution. The traditional work systems and practices are likely to continue and workplaces will not completely disappear. In addition, those who are engaged in manual labour will continue current work practices with increased demands. Employers‘ focus on employees' WLB in the new normal will target employees‘ motivation and achieve a better WLBe. The study recommended that new policies for crisis management and Hybrid work culture should be developed and implemented, especially for office workers. Government must also set aside funds or provide aid to private sector companies to prevent future crises
The Impact of Water Shortages on the Provision of Education A Case Study of Secondary Schools in Norton Urban, Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean urban areas have been experiencing erratic water supplies for some years, impacting negatively on the livelihoods of its people. The study sought to establish the impact of water shortages on the provision of education in Norton, Zimbabwe. Water shortages have affected Norton residents for years and the need to understand the impact of water shortages on the provision of education in secondary schools influenced the researchers to carry out this study. This qualitative case study was informed by the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA). Purposive sampling was used to come up with a sample of 15 participants, comprising learners and teachers. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews which were analysed thematically. The findings of the study established that the failure by the council to supply adequate water to schools has resulted in a lack of drinking water and poor sanitation. The study further revealed learners travel long distances in search of alternative sources of water, hence a lot of valuable time is lost. It also emerged that water shortages have disrupted agricultural activities in schools despite the introduction of Agriculture as a compulsory subject.
Editorial: Insights into Science, Technology and Societal Advancement
The article seeks to explain the meaning and understanding of Oikos within the science, technology and advancement in Zimbabwe. It is derived from ‗oikos’, a Greek word which means different things to different people depending on the context, environment, cultural context and country. A desktop review and contextual and textual analysis were used. There is a need for education in universities to advance and enhance science and technology in the global future. It argues that there is a need for innovation and a good behaviour relationship between African youth and technology in the 21st century.
Phenomenological Insights into Challenges and Opportunities of Learning through Social Information Communication Technology Andragogy
Globally, Social Information Communication Technology Andragogy (SICTA) has long been advocated for in tertiary institutions. Yet, most lecturers have remained stuck in their traditional face-to-face andragogical practices. The lockdown to curb the spread of the corona virus, COVID-19, has accelerated the adoption SICTA. In this article, we adopted a phenomenological design from a qualitative research perspective to examine students‘ challenges, solutions and opportunities of SICTA learning. Six students doing a Postgraduate Diploma in Tertiary Education (PGDTE) shared their experience of SICTA learning. A three-staged process was adopted to generate qualitative data through written narratives, document analysis and dialoguing. The content qualitative analysed data revealed multiple and nested challenges grounded in the use of multiple SICTA based platforms. SICTA created learning opportunities such as online learning competences, learning material accessibility and sharing, time limitless collaborative learning and enhanced self-directed learning. The researchers recommend that educators at tertiary level should conduct professional students and staff development on social ICT, design and establish policies for the use of Social ICT and disseminate relevant information as well as undisrupted access to internet and technological devices.
Exploring the Motivations and Critical Factors of Successful Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation in Organisations in Zimbabwe
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have become increasingly popular among organisations worldwide, aiming at streamlining business processes and enhance overall efficiency. This article investigates the essence of ERP adoption in Zimbabwe, focusing on the motivations and critical factors contributing to successful implementation within organisations. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving 12 participants from four companies who have implemented ERP systems. Interviews and document analysis were used as methods for collecting data. The findings reveal that the main motivations for ERP adoption in Zimbabwe are centred around modernising the information technology (IT) environment, replacing aging systems, improving operational efficiency and enhancing customer satisfaction. Moreover, the research identifies critical success factors that significantly influence the implementation of ERP systems. Executive management support emerges as a crucial factor, indicating the importance of top-level commitment and leadership in driving successful implementation. Additionally, company-wide support, a positive organisational culture that embraces change and meaningful user involvement, are highlighted as vital factors in ensuring the successful adoption and utilisation of ERP systems. The findings provide valuable insights for organisations considering, or in the process of, implementing ERP systems in Zimbabwe, and for researchers and practitioners in the field of information systems and technology management. By understanding the motivations and critical success factors, organisations can make informed decisions and develop effective strategies for successful ERP implementation in Zimbabwe.