Socio-Ecological Conundrums Towards The Wise Use Of Wetlands In The Harare Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe

Abstract

One of the critical concerns faced by African cities in the modern epoch are disappearing urban wetlands because of the construction of infrastructure. This is predominantly the case in cities that are expanding their urban areas at a rapid rate. Wetlands are currently being studied for their potential role in the food mitigation process, in addition to supporting urban sustainability in terms of water quality and availability. It is undisputable that the protection of Harare’s urban wetlands is an investment that is well worth making. The main objective of this study i s t o analyse views, attitudes and perceptions of residents and relevant authorities towards wetlands in the Harare Metropolitan Province. This is to promote the wise use of wetlands for sustainable development. Human activities and poor policy implementation are the causes of wetland depletion. The study targeted the Harare Wetlands Trust, Monavale and Cleveland management, residents living on or near the wetland areas and representatives from the Environmental Management Agency (EMA). The study deployed a qualitative research approach and utilised the face-to-face Interview guide, semi-structured questionnaires and field observations for data collection and was guided by the wise use and ecological restoration concepts. Results highlighted that there is an existing policy on wetlands, most stakeholders are aware of wetlands and their benefits and are of the view that they should be conserved. Although they are viewed as important ecosystems, they are utilised in unsustainable manners. Human activities have been persuaded by economic challenges, a lack of policy implementation, lack of awareness programmes and education. There is need to change perceptions and attitudes towards wetlands. The study concluded that wetlands are an important part of the ecosystem, and they offer a crucial role, especially to the hydrological system of the city. The study recommended that the Environmental Management Act needs to be revised in line with on-going developmental activities, gazetting of existing wetlands to identify those under threat, reclaim or restore lost or degraded wetlands for sustainable development to be attained.